While fuck is one of the more aggressive swear words in the English language, there are a lot of other ways to use it, and it’s pretty high in cathartic value if you’ve happened to, say, drop something heavy on your foot. It really is remarkably versatile, even if remains taboo as an imprecation (a new word I learned that means spoken curse). After having some fun with the word ass in a recent post, I figured why not dive into fuck as well.
Infixation is one way of using it. That involves sticking it in the middle of another word, like fan-fucking-tastic. This infixation happens at different places in different words; for example, you would say abso-fucking-lutely, but not fanta-fucking-stic (which sounds more like what someone who’s got a high opinion of themself might call their penis). We know, without knowing that we know it, that the expletive infix goes before a stressed foot of a word (source). What does that mean? Well, you would probably never say this or have ever heard it, but if you were to plunk fuck into kindergarten or amalgamated, you would naturally place it as kinder-fucking-garten and amalga-fucking-mated.
In an article in The Toast, linguist Gretchen McCulloch divided fuck as verb into senses of the word, copulating and disapproving. These behave differently grammatically. The copulating sense behaves like other imperatives, but the disapproving sense doesn’t. I could say “please help me” or “please fuck me”, but “please fuck you” makes no sense, nor does “don’t fuck you.”
You might say “fuck Ashley” if you were telling someone you were angry at me, but if you start adding modifiers, like “fuck Ashley slowly” or “fuck Ashley tonight,” you’re suddenly telling that person to get in my pants. “Fuck you” and “I want to fuck you” mean very different things. “Fuck me” can be used in the copulating or disapproving sense, depending on your tone of voice. I’m trying to think of how to explain that difference, although I don’t actually know the linguistic terms to do so properly. I think the disapproving sense would start with a high tone and move to a lower tone, and it would be staccato and be formed in the mouth. “Fuck me” as a command would be more even-toned and connect the words smoothly together, and you’d probably put some diaphragm into it to give it some extra oomph and urgency.
The disapproving sense doesn’t play nice with other imperatives. I could tell you to describe and evaluate communism, or I could say fuck communism, but it wouldn’t make sense to tell you to describe and fuck communism. Tacking on a preposition changes the meaning again; I could tell you to describe but not fuck with China’s communist government, or else they will fuck you up.
“Fucking” is sort of like an adjective, and fucking well is sort of like an adverb (as in “fucking well do it already” rather than “oh, oh baby, you’re fucking well tonight”), but they behave differently. Steven Pinker, an academic crush of mine, has weighed in on this word in his essay What the F***? in The New Republic. He characterized the “fucking” in “fucking brilliant” as an adverb, as it modifies the adjective brilliant. Who knew?
Pinker suggested that the syntactic oddity of expletives like fuck is because they’ve been substituted somewhere along the way for religious swear words. For example, “who (in) the hell are you” became “who the fuck are you,” while “damn you” became “fuck you.”
Fuck goes along quite nicely with the wh- questions who, what, when, where, why, and how (although they probably don’t teach that in journalism school). To amp up the disbelief level, you can speak in terms of actual fucks (as opposed to hypothetical fucks?). It can also be used for negation, as in “like fuck I will” or “sweet fuck all” (source).
Fuck can be a noun, but if you’re referring to a person, I can’t think of a way that you would say that without an adjective to go along with it. Someone can be a good fuck or a dumbfuck, but can they just be a fuck? Fucks can be given, there can be none to give (“I’m all out of fucks”), or one can choose not to give them (“I don’t give a fat flying fuck”). I think fucks only fly when you refuse to give them.
A clusterfuck could be an orgy if we were to take it literally, but it’s most likely to be used to refer to a fucktangular situation (a neologism coined by a student that a professor shared on Twitter). I think I’ll need to incorporate that into my vocabulary.
I like words, especially when you can do a lot of different things with them. And I have a potty mouth, so talking about swearing is always fun. Next week, I’ll round out my swearing miniseries with shit.
Words are so fucking interesting! 😉
They sure are! 😁
I love this
I’ll never forget the VMAs where Miley Cyrus (host) and Nicki Minaj got into it. Miley concluded the exchange with, “congratu-fucking-lations, Nicki.”
Lol
LOL! Looking forward to your next post, as SHIT is a word I just can’t weed out of my vocabulary. Years ago, one of my kids got in trouble for saying it at school. I told her the teacher was wrong, that Shit wasn’t a swear word 🙂
Lol
My younger brother once told me that the word fuck came from the english – fornication under consent of the king – ie as an excuse for nobility to deflower/rape young women. Any known origins turn up in your research? Doc
Apparently the idea of it being an acronym is an urban legend, and it probably was derived from a Germanic word
Interesting article Ashley.
The very F word is a taboo in my part of the world.
It is a swear word here.
Of late things are changing and people are getting used this.
I guess it’s probably hard to avoid the American influence.
Agree.
Hollywood influencing the younger generation in this part of the world.
Every dialogue is incomplete without F word.
True.
You’ve summed up why I love language, in particular the Fuck word! You know, I actually said “fuck” in a post recently, just once I believe, and I had an email from someone to say they were absolutely dismayed at my language. I thought I’d blacked out and wrote a whole post of “fuck fuck fuck x 1000”, but no. They were disgusted by my inability to use other language (insinuating I’m stupid) and that the Lord wouldn’t approve. “Fuck that” is also a good use of the word!
You’re right in how it can be modified and used in a plethora of ways. Intonation is crucially important too. You don’t want someone to misconstrue “oh fuck me” for a sexual advance when in fact you’re just pissed off with them. xx
No, that’s definitely not a good thing to misinterpret.
That’s bizarre to me that someone got worked up about you using the word fuck in a post. How do people not have better things to do with their time than fuss over something like that?
I studied linguistics and I simply love words with multiple use, in our lecture fuck was even used as one of the examples 🤣
Love it!
Yes I had fun studying that 🤣
Hi, Ashley! I’ve had an overwhelming and fucking painful first couple of months in 2022. Broke my fucking ankle. It was right after I recovered from COVID, not my new year reservations, for fuck’s sake. Looking forward to getting better and looking forward to walking hands fucking free. How the fuck have you been?
Interesting!